Showing posts with label Elmarit-R. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Elmarit-R. Show all posts

R 鏡頭的單刀、雙刀、三刀(1 cam, 2 cams & 3 cams)和 ROM 版本

想著手進入 Leica R 系列,除了選擇機身外,首先面臨的便是 R 鏡頭的單刀、雙刀、三刀(1 cam, 2 cams & 3 cams)和 ROM 版本(尤其是想接二手之鏡頭)。

參考過去網路上前輩的意見和國外幾個網頁(較具代表性的為:http://members.lycos.co.uk/JemK/Pic-A- Week/cams.htm 和 http://www.nemeng.com/leica/001c.shtml),整理出以下資料供大家參考。(由於沒有LEICAFLEX、SL和 SL2的操作經驗,以下相關資料,均來自以上相關網頁,所以若有誤,請不吝賜教,謝謝!)

光圈連動

在談到上述鏡頭差異之前,先談一下單眼相機 (SLR)的工作方式。平時SLR會將鏡頭切至光圈最大處(若光圈不連動者不會如此)使進光量最大以方便構圖和對焦。即使改變光圈設定至較小值,鏡頭仍會 保持在最大光圈處。直到攝影者按下快門後,光圈縮至設定的較小光圈處,接著反光鏡上掀、快門簾開啟、底片曝光、快門簾關閉、反光鏡彈下,最後鏡頭的光圈又 回 到最大光圈處,等待下次快門按下。為達成此光圈連動之功能,Leica R 鏡頭有一光圈連動機構,如圖一右下方紅色圓圈內的突起物。有些鏡頭的光圈連動機構是三角形,如圖一和圖五;但也有些是方形的,如圖二和圖三。

附註:
為了讓大家比對方便,文中鏡頭的紅點都置於右上方的位置。

光圈設定值回饋

在進行測光時,如前述,鏡頭會一直保持在最 大光圈處,鏡頭必須要有一特定的機構告知機身設定之光圈,機身再依當時設定的快門光圈組合與其測光表測出值的差 異提出建議,進而達到正確的曝光組合。Leica SLR 的特定機構便是單刀、雙刀和三刀。

但由於 Leica 生產的 SLR 大致可分為三大階段,其鏡頭與機身溝通光圈設定值的機構略有不同:
1. LEICAFLEX (1968 停產)
2. SL和SL2(1974/1976 停產)
3. Leica R (R3~R9)

圖一為 Leica 三刀(3 Cams)鏡頭,可見其三刀的分布。
1. 第一刀是給 LEICAFLEX 使用
2. 第二刀是給 SL 和 SL2 使用
3. 第三刀是給 Leica R 使用
3 Cams Lens

圖 一:Leica 三刀(3 Cams)鏡頭
Leica SLR 鏡頭可分為以下幾種版本:
1. 單刀鏡(1 cam lens)(1965~1968)只有第一刀;支援 LEICAFLEX
2. 雙刀鏡(2 cams lens)(1968~1976)有第一刀和第二刀;支援 LEICAFLEX、SL 和 SL2
3. 三刀鏡(3 cams lens)(1976~)有第一刀、第二刀和第三刀;支援 LEICAFLEX、SL、SL2 和 LEICA R
4. R 刀鏡(R cam only lens)(1986~)只有第三刀;支援 LEICA R
5. ROM 鏡(ROM lens) 有第三刀和 ROM 電子接點(如同 R 刀鏡加了電子接點);支援 LEICA R(若非 R8/R9,ROM 無作用)

Leica R SLR 配單刀鏡和雙刀鏡

此類搭配仍可行,只是會比較麻煩操作。由於鏡頭始終保持在最大光圈,測光表建議修正值是架構在最大光圈和機身設定之快門組合之上而非實際設定光圈快門組 合,因此所有的修正要依最大光圈為起始。例如:使用 f2.8 鏡頭,當測光表告知要減光三格時(此時光圈假若已定在 f5.6),在快門不變的狀況下,應將光 圈定 在 f8,而非 f16。

R 刀鏡(R cam only lens)

由於生產三刀鏡需要較高的精確度來設定三刀之位置,影響到其生產的良率。因此 Leica 於 1986 年(此時 LEICAFLEX 已停產十八年;SL2已 停產十年)推出單單支援 Leica R SLR 的 R 刀鏡。為避免 R 刀鏡(含 ROM 鏡)裝上 LEICAFLEX、SL 和 SL2,造成不必要的困擾,大部分的 R 刀鏡的接環底部會有一圈凸起環(如 圖三和圖五)(圖二為 Summicron 50mm)。可惜是同時也無法將 R 刀鏡頭配上早期的接寫環和蛇腹(可參考“ 接寫環改裝“一文)。

R cam only
R & 0 cams
圖 二:Leica R 刀鏡 (Summicron-R 50 加拿大版)
圖 三:Leica R 刀鏡 (接環底部有一圈凸起環)

第三刀﹝Cam 3﹞的功能

第三刀﹝Cam 3﹞為黑色階梯狀,目的在對應機身上的兩個獨立的連桿﹝為了避免混淆,在文中稱為機身的第三連桿和機身的歸零連桿。請參考圖四﹞。機身的第三連桿主要功能 是得知鏡頭上預設的光圈值﹝如同早先鏡頭第一刀/第二刀的功能相同﹞。若撥動此連桿,機身依序會顯示 1.4、1.7、2.0、2.4、2.8、3.4、4.0、4.8、5.6、6.8、8.0、9.5、11、13、16、19 和 22﹝由此推論:藉由 第三刀是無法搭配光圈大於 1.4 或小於 22 的鏡頭﹞。然而藉由這兩個獨立的連桿,R 機身可獲得較先前機種更多的鏡頭資料。

例如:
1. 鏡頭的最大光圈值。主要是靠機身的第三連桿和機身的歸零連桿相對應的距離﹝M﹞。光圈大者,M 比較短;光圈小者,M 比較長。
2. 機身在獲得先前資訊後會進一步判定光圈的範圍:若是 Summilux (f1.4)或 Summicron (f2.0) 的鏡頭,最小光圈是 16;若是 Elmarit (f2.8) 或最大光圈更小的鏡頭,最小光圈是 22。
3. 如此,可避免鏡頭未接妥,系統誤判鏡頭上預設的光圈值,導致曝光不足﹝因為未至定位時,相機得知的光圈值會較實際大﹞。
4. 在一些無法獲知鏡頭狀況時﹝如鏡頭搭配加倍鏡,因為無法預料搭配鏡頭的最大光圈﹞,加倍鏡第三刀﹝Cam 3﹞會設計成一階黑色階梯狀﹝相較於右圖的兩階﹞。如此機身的第三連桿和機身的歸零連桿會靠在一起﹝M = 0﹞,此時,機身不會顯示預設的光圈值,機身測光表還是會提供正確的建議值。
R cam

圖 四:Leica R 鏡第三刀﹝Cam 3﹞對應機身連桿

ROM鏡(ROM lens)

於九零年代初期,Leica 推出 ROM 鏡,如圖五。於 http://www.nemeng.com/leica/001c.shtml 一文中,Pascal Heyman 提及主要功能有二:自動切換閃光燈反射版的焦段和另一較耐人尋味的是使攝影更方便。

ROM lens
先談一:讓一些可自動調整焦段(其燈旁之反射 板)的閃光燈(如 Metz 54MZ-3/4、40MZ-2/3、32MZ-3 搭配 SCA3501 或 SCA3502 座)做自動調整之動作。也就是說,裝 50mm 的鏡頭,閃光燈會自動調整到 50mm;裝 28mm 的鏡頭便到 28mm。但一般閃光燈望遠端能切到 105mm 者已經很了不起,如裝 180mm 的鏡頭可能只能到閃光燈的上限 105mm or 85mm。因此說:此功能對使用標準變焦鏡者, 如 R28-70、R35-70 和 R28-90 最方便。如用 R28-70 的鏡頭,當鏡頭在 28mm 端時,閃光燈會自動調整到 28mm;當鏡頭在 70mm 端時,閃光燈會自動切到 70mm(其實此類閃光燈同時具備手動調整功能)。但若您的閃光燈無法自動調整,如 32 Z-2,那閃光燈上有調整的部份,可讓您用手調至 50mm、28mm 或其他。此時,即使是搭配 ROM 鏡,ROM 鏡也無用武之地。回過頭來,若可自動調整的閃光燈接上非 ROM 鏡,閃光燈上仍有可調整的部份,可讓您用手調至 50mm、28mm 或其他。

附註:上述的功能以閃光燈直射被攝物為主。若是跳燈,不見得一定要將閃光燈切到鏡頭對應的焦段。若將閃光燈切到較鏡頭對應稍長的焦段﹝視狀況﹞,閃光燈可 以打較遠的距離。
圖五:Leica ROM 鏡


鏡頭
閃光燈
R3、R4/R4s、 R5/RE、R6/R6.2 & R7
R8 & R9
ROM 鏡
54MZ、44MZ、40MZ、32MZ 等加 SCA3501/3502 腳座
手動調整 自 動調整
其他可調整反光板,如 32 Z-2
手動調整 手動調整
R刀鏡和三刀鏡
54MZ、44MZ、40MZ、32MZ等加SCA350x腳座 手動調整 手動調整
其他可調整反光板,如 32 Z-2
手動調整 手動調整

再談二:今年九月承蒙 rocaf 前輩於攝影家手札 Leica 版指點和 ycr 兄提供的使用資料,可確定“使攝影更方便”的功能是傳遞預設的光圈值、鏡頭的最大光圈值等與先前所述第三刀﹝Cam 3﹞相當的功能。當使用 ROM 鏡時,機身會獲得兩組相當的資料﹝ROM 和第三刀﹞,機身會優先取用 ROM 的資訊。在一般狀況,兩組資料會相同,以致於會讓人覺得是不是 ROM 鏡差異不大。但是,ROM可突破第三刀有限的功能,使 ROM 鏡推出之後有更多的發展空間。

例如:
1. 非定光圈的變焦鏡,ROM 可回饋正確的光圈值。如使用 R28-70 時,機身會顯示出 3.6、4.5 和 27 等光圈值
2. 使用 ROM 鏡加 ROM 加倍鏡,機身可顯示正確的光圈值。如鏡頭設定光圈 f5.6 加兩倍鏡時,機身會顯示 11
3. 或是將來 Leica 會推出 Noctilux-R

附註:
1. R8/R9搭配 ROM 鏡、R刀鏡和三刀鏡,其M/A/T/P/F模式均能正常動作。
2. ROM 鏡唯有搭配 R8/R9 方有 ROM 鏡的功能;搭配其他 R 機身是藉由第三刀傳遞資訊,並無搭配問題。R

Leica 135mm F2.8 Elmarit-R

The 135mm Elmarit-R has a reputation for oustanding Sharpness & Contrast, even wide open. At F4 the lens is performing already at its maximum. It is perfect for portraits and for close up photography. Its flat field and ability to work well with the Elpro attachments allows this lens to become a stellar performer, even at 1:3 magnification. It was produced in two versions with two different optical formulas. Both versions utilized 5 elements in 5 groups, but the later version had a completely different optical formula. Another Great Leica lens when you need the extended reach of the 135mm focal length.

Leica 100mm F2.8 APO-Macro-Elmarit-R

This lens is recognized as the Finest lens ever created by Leica or any Manufacturer. As many manufacturers these days are throwing around the word APO in the marketing of their lenses, Leica takes this designation very seriously. The APO-Macro-Elmarit 100mm is corrected completely through the Infrared range, allowing you to shoot Infrared film without re-adjusting the lens focus. Therefore, Infrared markings on the lens have been done away with. The lens is characterized by evenness of field, absolute film sharpness from edge to edge and No Loss of quality when used wide open at F2.8. The color balance of the lens is perfectly neutral. The lens is somewhat large and heavy but is easy to handle and perfectly balanced on the SL or R body cameras. Flare reduction is top notch as the front element is deeply recessed within the lens barrel and the built in Hood allows convenient added protection against flare when you need it. The focusing mechanism is internal and as such, the front of the lens does not rotate allowing easy use of 60mm Polarizing filters. The lens focuses to 1/2 lifesize and to 1:1 (lifesize) with the optional Leica APO-Elpro Adapter for this lens. The minimum focusing distance is 45cm, allowing you ample room between yourself and subject. The lens was made in both R and ROM mounts. The std. R mount is no longer available, but Leica will convert this lens for use on the Leicaflex SL series cameras for a reasonable fee. Nothing wiggles or feels flimsy on this lens. It is the Landcruiser of lenses.

Leica 90mm F2.8 Elmarit-R

This is the most popular Telephoto lens for the Leica R system. The Lens is small, easy to carry & handle, very sharp & contrasty and Fast enough for most situations. The 90mm Elmarit has an outstanding reputation and is perfect for portraits as well as scenics when you want to get in a little closer to fill the frame. It was produced in two versions with two different optical formulas. The first version utilized 5 elements in 4 groups, while the later version utilized 4 elements in 4 groups. This lens is also great for close ups. With the addition of the Elpro, a magnification of 1:3 is produced which will fill the frame with most subjects. The lens also has a flat field by design, lending itself well to macro photography. This is a very verstile lens.

Leica 60mm F2.8 Macro-Elmarit-R


Two versions of this lens were produced, but only the cosmetics changed as the optical group was identical. The first version can be used with All Leicaflex and R models, whereas the second version can only be used on the R series cameras. The deeply recessed lens elements greatly reduced flare and the use of a hood is generally not needed. The lens formula has been optimized for near range photography, but you will find that this lens also produces fantastic results at infinity. The primary difference between Macro lenses and ordinary lenses is Flatness of field and the optical formula that is changed for optimum close distance photography. The lens will focus to 1:2 lifesize and with the Macro extension will focus down to 1:1. The second version utilized the Macro-Adapter-R in place of the extension of the earlier model and therefore can only be used with the R series cameras. Working distance is tight when getting close to the 1:2-1:1 ratios, but the extra depth of field as opposed to the 100mm Macro lens is a very welcome addition. This lens is capable of first class results and along with the 100mm Macro creates a perfect kit for exploring the world of close up photography.

Leica 28mm Elmarit-R



Two versions of this lens were produced, and the optical formula was finally changed 1994. The hood on the first version was supplied with a small thumbwheel screw on the side to provide a means for rotating a polarizing filter while the hood was attached. When the 35mm Summicron is not quite wide enough, the 28mm Elmarit fills the gap. Considered to be the most useful true wide angle lens, the 28mm Elmarit should be a part of every persons kit. The lens is very compact and with the use of Leica adapter 22228, the lens can also be used on your M system camera bodies. This lens is an excellent performer producing very sharp and contrasty negatives as can be expected from all Leica designed lenses. The close focusing range of only 30cm makes this lens very useful for a variety of subjects when out in the field with tremendous depth of field at your fingertips.