佳能尼康镜头标识详解

作为一个尼康“玉米”,你是否知道尼康单反镜头上的VR、AF-S是什么意思。而作为佳能的“粉丝”你是否又知道标有USM/U、UD标识的镜头好在那里呢?如果你对这些不是很清楚的话,请往下看。

AI: Automatic Indexing自动最大光圈传递技术
发 布于1977年,是Nikon F卡口的第一次大变动。AI是指将镜头的最大光圈值传递给测光系统以便进行正常曝光测量的过程和方法。当一个AI镜头被装在兼容AI技术的机身上时,该镜 头的最大光圈值在机械连动拨杆的自动接合和驱动下传递给机身的测光系统,以实现全开光圈测光。Nikon F2A、F2AS、Nikkormat EL2、FT3和FM是第一批获益于这项技术的机身。
代表镜头:Nikkor AI 50/1.4

AI-S:Automatic Indexing Shutter自动快门指数传递技术
在1981 年,Nikon对全线AI镜头卡口进行了修改,以便使它能够与即将投入使用的FA高速程序曝光方式完全兼容,这些修改后的新镜头就是AI-S卡口 Nikkor镜头。根据镜头光圈环和光圈直读环上的橙色最小光圈数字以及插刀卡口上的打磨凹槽,非常容易识别。当AI-S镜头用于Nikon FA机身时,它能够根据自身的焦距向机身提供信息以选择正常程序或高速程序,在快门速度优先自动曝光方式时,它们能够在非常宽的光照范围内提供一致的曝光 控制。(因为AI-S镜头是为FA上的曝光“自动化”而定制的,因此机身的自动曝光连动拨杆能够非常流畅地控制AI-S镜头的光圈,以达到更为快速而精确 的曝光控制)。 代表镜头:Nikkor AIS 50/1.4

AF-S: Silent Wave Motor静音马达
代 表该镜头的装载了静音马达(Silent Wave Motor,S),这种马达等同于佳能的超音波马达(ultrasonic motor),可以由“行波”(travelling waves)提供能量进行光学聚焦,可高精确和宁静地快速聚焦,可全时手动对焦。 可支持AF-S 镜头自动对焦的相机有 F5 ; F4; F100; F90X; F90; F80; F70; F65; D1; D1X; D1H; D100,其余的机身可以接用,也可以测光,但不能自动对焦。
代表镜头:28-70mm f/2.8 ED-IF AF-S Zoom-Nikkor

D型镜头:Distance 焦点距离数据传递技术
代表镜头可回传对焦距离信息,作为 3D(景物的亮度,景物对比度,景物的距离)矩阵测光的参考以及 TTL 均衡闪光的控制。1992年推出。
代表镜头:28-105mm f/3.5-4.5D AF Zoom-Nikkor

CRC:Close Range Correction 近摄校正
采用浮动镜片设计,保证近摄时光学素质不下降,例如AIS 24/2.8、AF 85/1.4D IF之类均采用了CRC技术。

DC : Defocus-image Control 散焦影像控制

尼 康公司独创的镜头,可提供与众不同的散焦影像控制功能。镜头的前端有一个散焦定位转环,该环上的光圈值从F2到F5.6共4挡,分别标在环的左右,用R (后景散焦)与F(前景散焦)来指示。这是一种特殊的定焦镜头,其最大特点在于容许对特定被摄体的背景或前景进行模糊控制,以便求得最佳的焦外成像,这一 点在拍摄人像时非常有价值,它还可以帮助我们根据所想要表现的来控制照片的各个部分,这也是其它厂家同类镜头所无法比拟的。
目前尼康只有2支DC镜头:AF DC 105mm f/2D、AF DC 135mm f/2D

ED : Extra-low Dispersion超底色散镜片
是指这支镜头内含 ED 镜片,最大限度降低镜头色差(chromatic aberration),从而保证镜头有优异的光学表现。
代表镜头:80-200mm f/2.8D ED AF Zoom-Nikkor

G型镜头
与D 型镜头不同的是,该种镜头无光圈环设计,光圈调整必须由机身来完成,同时支持3D矩阵测光。这样的设计减轻了镜头重量,降低了生产成本。该种镜头与F5、 F100、F80、F65、F60、F55、F50、F401、PRONEA和D1机身完全兼容,对于F4、F90F90X、F70、F801和F- 601等机身,只能使用程序曝光和快门优先曝光模式。与剩下的其他机身不兼容。G型Nikkor镜头操作更为简便,理论上没有误操作,因为它无需手动设置 最小光圈。这是塑料AF镜头的延续,针对那些几乎从不手动设置镜头的摄影者。现在Nikon有将G型头推广的趋势。
代表镜头:28-80mm f/3.3-5.6G AF Zoom-Nikkor

IF : Internal Focusing内对焦技术
所谓内对焦是指镜头在对焦时,前后组镜片都不移动,而由镜头内部的一个对焦镜片组(focus lens group)的浮动来完成对焦,对焦时镜头长度保持不变。IF技术的采用使快速而安静的对焦变为可能。
代表镜头:85mm f/1.4D IF AF Nikkor

IX镜头
1996 年Nikon为APS相机Pronea发布的价廉、紧凑的镜头。性状与塑料AF-D镜头相同。不能适配于非APS机身。减少了预留给反光镜的空间,意味着 这类镜头不同用于35mm相机,而且像场也太小,不足以覆盖35mm胶片。但是标准的AF镜头却可以用于APS相机。

Micro
是指这只镜头是微距镜头,或有微距拍摄的功能
代表镜头:105mm f/2.8D AF Micro-Nikkor

N:New 新型
Nikon一些改进型镜头的标志,例如著名的AF 80-200/2.8D ED(N)
N/A:全时手动对焦
与佳能的FTM一样。

P型镜头:内置CPU镜头
机 身内置聚焦马达是个“以不变应万变”的策略,但这个策略对巨大的望远自动镜头并不能很灵,这使得Nikon新机身无法高效使用望远镜头。1998年 Nikon发布了内置了CPU手动聚焦长焦镜头(P),以满足AF机身先进的自动曝光功能,从而部分地解决了这个问题。尽管P型镜头看起来和AI-S镜头 是一样的,但这些镜头却拥有AF镜头的电子和大部分性能。
目前只有3支P型镜头:500/4 IF-ED、1200-1700/5.6-8 IF-ED和45/2.8。

PC - Shift:移轴镜头
移动镜头光轴调整透视的镜头。多用于建筑摄影。

RF : Rear Focusing 后组对焦技术
与IF不同的是,RF镜头由后组镜片(rear lens groups)完成对焦。由于后组镜片比前组镜片要小,易于驱动,所以保证了迅捷的对焦速度,而且镜头长度一样不变。RF对改善成像质量亦有贡献。
代表镜头:85mm f/1.8D AF Nikkor

S:Slim 轻薄
Nikon一些薄型镜头的标志,例如AIS 50/1.8S。

SIC:Super Intergrated Coating 超级复合镀膜

TC :Teleconvertor 增距镜

VR : Vibration Reduction 电子减震系统
NIKON防手震镜头的代号,可用于手持摄影在低速快门时,增加画面的稳定性。能支持VR的机身有 F5、F100、F80、F65、D1、D100。其余机身可以使用镜头但不支持VR功能。
代表镜头:80-400mm f/4.5-5.6D ED VR AF Zoom-Nikkor

source from here

Free Performance Scan

What is the performance status of your system?

You no longer need to guess... this Free Performance Scan will give you a complete diagnosis and deep scan of your current performance status and suggest optimizations.

The Problem
Do you often notice that your PC just doesn’t run as smoothly as it used to? This could be caused by anyone of several problems or a combination of all of them. The problem is, monitoring today’s PCs is increasingly difficult and time consuming. Even experienced users find effective control of all the settings and resources of their PCs hard to achieve.


The Solution
SpeedUpMyPC lets you monitor and control all your PC resources with easy, one click instructions. System settings, internet usage, disk clutter, RAM and CPU are all automatically scanned, cleaned and optimized for peak performance. You can also selectively disable or remove unnecessary background and auto-start processes to cut valuable seconds off your startup time.

2 minutes can save you months of frustration and crashes

source from here

CANON U.S.A. TO EXHIBIT TWO NEW TELEPHOTO LENSES




LAKE SUCCESS, N.Y., October 15, 2007 – Canon U.S.A., Inc., a leader in digital imaging, today announced the development of two all-new telephoto lenses for use with its EOS SLR cameras: the EF200mm f/2L IS USM*/** and the EF800mm f/5.6L IS USM*/**. The Company will exhibit prototypes of the new lenses at PhotoPlus Expo (booth #31, taking place at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York City, October 18 to 20.

The new Canon EF200mm f/2L IS USM and EF800mm f/5.6L IS USM, both of which are L (luxury)-series lenses incorporating a high-performance Image Stabilizer, feature optical systems utilizing special optical materials such as fluorite to correct chromatic aberrations, making possible high-resolution, high-contrast shooting performance.

The Canon EF200mm f/2L IS USM, targeting users who seek a brighter lens for portraiture and indoor sports photography, realizes a large aperture of f/2. The EF800mm f/5.6L IS USM, expected to deliver telephoto performance surpassing the current top-of-the-line EF600mm f/4L IS USM super telephoto lens, is being developed in response to requests from users working in the fields of sports and news photography who are looking for a high-performance lens that offers a longer focal length.

"These new lenses demonstrate that Canon is continuing to respond actively and flexibly to the wide-ranging needs of professional and advanced amateur users, with the aim of contributing to the expansion of photographic possibilities for SLR cameras," said Yuichi Ishizuka, senior vice president and general manager, Consumer Imaging Group, Canon U.S.A. "Canon's EOS System is the premier brand of Digital SLR cameras, and we take great pride in offering the world's largest selection of interchangeable autofocus lenses." ***

As these new lenses are currently under development, pricing and availability information is not yet available.

About Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Canon U.S.A., Inc. delivers consumer, business-to-business, and industrial imaging solutions. Its parent company, Canon Inc. (NYSE:CAJ), a top patent holder of technology, ranking third overall in the U.S. in 2006†, with global revenues of $34.9 billion, is listed as one of Fortune's Most Admired Companies in America and is on the 2007 BusinessWeek list of "Top 100 Brands." To keep apprised of the latest news from Canon U.S.A., sign up for the Company's RSS news feed by visiting www.usa.canon.com/pressroom.

* This device has not been authorized as required by the rules of the Federal Communications Commission. This device is not, and may not be offered for sale or lease, or sold or leased, until authorization is obtained.

** A Product Report required by 21.C.F.R.§ 1002.10 has not been submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration for this product. This product is not, and may note be, offered for sale or lease, or sold or leased, until the required report has been submitted.

*** As of October 15, 2007

All referenced product names, and other marks, are trademarks of their respective owners.

Specifications and availability are subject to change without notice.
† IFI Patent Intelligence, January 2007.

Source: http://www.usa.canon.com/html/templa...15_eflens.html

一招克死所有病毒!

呵呵,如果大家使用的是windows2k 或xp那么教大家一招金蝉脱窍 —— 而 且只需要这一招克就能死所有病毒!!

如果你是新装的系统(或者是你能确认你的系统当前是无毒的),那就再好 不过了,现在就立即就打开: “开始→程序→管理工具→计算机管理→本地用户和组→用户” 吧! 首先就是把超级管理员密码更改成十位数以上,然后再建立一个用户,把它的密码也设置成十位以上并且提升为超级管理员。这样做的目的是为了双保险:如果你忘记了其中一个密码,还有使用另一个超管密码登陆来挽回的余地,免得你被拒绝于系统之外;再者就是网上的 黑客无法再通过猜测你系统 超管密码的方式远程获得你系统的控制权而进行破坏。接着再添加两个用户,比如用户名分别为:user1、user2;并且指定他们属于user组,好了,准备工作到这里就全部完成了,以后你除了必要的维护计算机外就不要使用超级管 理员和user2登陆了。只使用user1登陆就可以了。

登陆之后上网的时候找到ie,并为它建立一个快捷方式到桌面上,右键单击快捷方式,选择“以其他用户方式运行”点确定!要上网的时候就点这个快捷方式,它会跟你要用户名和密码这时候你就输入user2的用户名和密码!!!好了,现在你可以使用这个打开的窗口去上网了,可以随你便去放心的浏览任何恶毒的、恶意的、网站跟网页,而不必再担心中招了!因为你当前的系统活动的用户时user1。而user2是不活动的用户,我们使用这个不活动的用户去上网时,无论多聪明的网站,通过ie得到的信息都将让它都将以为这个user2就是你当前活动的用户,如果它要在你浏览时用恶意代码对你的系统搞搞破坏的话根本就时行不通的,即使能行通,那么被修改掉的仅仅时use2 的一个配置文件罢了,而很多恶意代码和病毒试图通过user2进行的破坏活动却都将失败,因为user 2根本就没运行,怎么能取得系统的操作权呢??既然取不得,也就对你无可奈何了。而他们更不可能跨越用户来操作,因为微软得配置本来就是各各用户之间是独立的,就象别人不可能跑到我家占据我睡觉用的床一样,它们无法占据user1的位置!所以你只要能保证总是以这个user2用户做代理来上网(但却不要使用user2来登陆系统,因为如果那样的话,如果user2以前中过什么网页病毒,那么在user2登陆的同时,他们极有可能被激活!),那么无论你中多少网页病毒,全部都将是无法运行或被你当前的user1用户加载的,所以你当前的系统将永远无毒!

不过总有疏忽的时候,一个不小心中毒了怎么办?? 不用担心,现在我们就可以来尽情的表演脱壳的技术了! 开始金蝉脱壳:

重新启动计算机,使用超级管理员登陆——进入系统后什么程序都不要运行你会惊奇的发现在的系统竟然表现的完全无毒!!,那就再好不过了,现在就立即就打开:

“开始→程序→管理工具→计算机管理→本地用户和组→用户” 吧!把里面的user1和user2两个用户权删掉吧,你只需要这么轻轻的一删就可以了,那么以前随着这两个用户而存在的病毒也就跟随着这两个用户的消失而一起去长眠了——(好象是陪葬,呵呵!)。这么做过之后我保证你的win2k就象新装的一个样,任何系统 文件和系统进程里都完全是没有病毒的!

好!现在再重复开始的步骤从新建立user1和user2两个用户,让他们复活吧。他们复活是复活了,但是曾跟随了他们的病毒却是没这机会了,因为win2k 重新建立用户的时候会重新分配给他们全新的配置,而这个配置是全新的也是不可能包含病毒的!!!建立完成之后立即注销超级管理员,转如使用user1登陆,继续你象做的事吧,你会发现你的系统如同全新了!以上方法可以周而复始的用,再加上经常的去打微软的补丁,几乎可以永远保证你的操作系统是无毒状态!只要你能遵循以下几条规则:

一、任何时间都不以超级管理员的身份登陆系统——除非你要进行系统级更新和维护、需要使用超级管理员身份的时候或是你需要添加和删除用户的时候。

二、必须使用超级管理员登陆的时候,保证不使用和运行任何除了操作系统自带的工具和程序之外的任何东西,而且所有维护都只通过开始菜单里的选项来完成,甚至连使用资源管理器去浏览硬盘都不!只做做用户和系统的管理和维护就立即退出,而决不多做逗留!(这也是微软的要求,微软最了解自己的东东,他的建议是正确的。浏览硬盘的事,在其他用户身份下你有大把的机会,在超级管理员的身份下还是不要了!!这应该事能完全作到的)

上面的都作到了,那么排除了硬件和误操作原因、、病毒跟系统瘫痪都将与你无缘了。。。。。。。 转

Who is cleverer? Teacher or student??

As the Chinese says older wiser would say :- I eat Salt more than you eat rice la.

One night 4 College students were playing till late night and didn't study for the test which was scheduled for the next day.

In the morning they thought of a plan. They made themselves look as dirty and weird with grease and dirt. They then went up to the Dean and said that they had gone out to a wedding last night and on their return the tyre of their car burst and they had to push the car all the way back and that they were in no condition to appear for the test.

So the Dean said they can have the re-test after 3 days. They thanked him and said they will be ready by that time. On the third day they appeared before the Dean. The Dean said that as this was a Special Condition Test, All four were required to sit in seperate classrooms for the test. They all agreed as they had prepared well in the last 3 days.

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The Test consisted of 2 questions with the total of 100 Marks.

Q.1. Your Name.........................( 2 MARKS )
Q.2. Which tyre burst ?...............( 98 MARKS )

a) Front Left
b) Front Right
c) Back Left
d) Back Right .....!!!

Based on true story

Kiasu

A Singaporean was on holiday in Malaysia. He was all having his coffee, croissants, bread, butter and jam at the hotel's coffee house.


A Malaysian man who was chewing gum, sat down next to him & started a casual conversation.

Malaysian: "You Singaporeans eat the whole bread?"

Singaporean: "Of course."

Malaysian: "We don't. In Malaysia, we only eat what's inside. The crusts we collect in a container, recycle it, transform them into croissants & sell them across to Singapore."

The Malaysian then had a smirk on his face while the Singaporean listened in silence.

Malaysian: "Do you eat the jam with the bread?"

Singaporean: "Of course."

Malaysian (chuckling): "We don't. In Malaysia, we eat fresh fruit for breakfast, then we put all the peels, seeds and other left-overs in a container recycle them, transform them into jam, before we sell it across to Singapore."

This time, the Singaporean retorted: "Do you have sex in Malaysia?"

Malaysian: "Why, of course we do"

Singaporean: "Do you wear protection"

Malaysian: "Of course! We wear condoms."

Singaporean: "And what do you do with the condoms once you've used them?"

Malaysian: "Stupid question! Of course we throw them away."

Singaporean: "We don't. In Singapore, the government secretly puts them in a container, recycle them, melt them down into chewing gum and sell them across to Malaysia ... that's the real reason why we banned chewing gum in Singapore."